• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a draping device (13) for producing a three - dimensional preform (5) of fibrous material with a die (14) depicting the three - dimensional shape of the preform (5), one or more dies (15) for draping and / or fixing, which Cooperation with the die (14) are formed. The invention essentially consists in that different punches (15) have different surface roughness and / or friction values on their surface (16) facing the preform (5) and / or different regions of this surface (16) of at least one stamp (15); and / or the preform (5) facing surface (17) of the die (14) has areas with different surface roughness and / or friction values.
    公开号:AT15268U1
    申请号:TGM9028/2014U
    申请日:2014-09-09
    公开日:2017-04-15
    发明作者:Maertiens Steffen；Fürst Tobias；Graf Matthias
    申请人:Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    DRAPING DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL FIBER MATERIAL PREPARATION
    The invention relates to a draping device for producing a three-dimensional preform made of fiber material according to the closer defined in the preamble of claim 1. Art Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such a draping device.
    In the production of fiber composite components, which are also referred to as fiber-reinforced plastic parts, a common method for industrial use, for example, the so-called RTM method (Resin Transfer Molding) is known. The applied manufacturing process, which ultimately leads to the usable plastic component, consists of several individual processes. First, near-net shape preforms or semi-finished fiber products are produced. These components, which are also referred to as a preform, are typically stacked and / or joined in a so-called preforming process from a plurality of individual layers of woven or fibrous layers, usually in two-dimensional form, for example by stapling, gluing or by methods known from textile technology are, for example, sewing or the like. The resulting stack of individual fabric layers or fiber layers essentially already has the necessary outer contour and typically also any special features with regard to the layer thickness, special fiber progressions and the like. In general, after making the stack from the fabric layers, a binder is applied to the fabric layers or is already present between the fibers, for example, by soaking the individual fiber bundles with such a binder before they are further processed into the fabric or fiber fabric.
    Subsequently, in a draping device, which images the desired three-dimensional shape of the preform in a die, the stack of fabric layers is preformed, typically by one or more draping and / or fixing punches, which are designed to cooperate with the die, the fabric stack Press into the die to achieve the desired three-dimensional shape. The binder can then be activated, for example by heating and subsequent cooling of the die, so that an at least for the further manufacturing process manageable near net shape configuration of the three-dimensional preform is possible. Draping devices are basically known, for example, from DE 10 2010 027 466 A1 or from DE 10 2010 043 666 A1. Decisive for the quality of the three-dimensional preform is that the individual layers of the stack come to lie in the die as possible without creases, unwanted draw, undesired stresses or the like, so as to obtain a three-dimensional preform that is as high-quality as possible and homogeneous with respect to the stack.
    In the cited documents, therefore, the draping device is, for example, turned so that the draping and / or fixing punches press the fabric stack from below into the die in order to achieve a lateral tension of the fiber material by means of gravity, so that wrinkles and creases are light can be avoided. However, this is associated with great expense, since on the one hand mold and structure must be rotated accordingly, so that the stamp can be actively raised. In the other cited document positioning pins are provided, which provide a similar effect without the die must be laboriously turned into an overhead position. However, while the die is extremely complex to manufacture, since the pins in their extended position must form an exact level as possible and because all the pins must go back into the die. The die is thus a very complex component, so that the resulting expense is worthwhile only for very large series and adversely allows no flexibility in the die. In addition, this very complex die is extremely susceptible to disturbances during the production process for the preform.
    After the preparation of the three-dimensional preform this is inserted as near-net shape preformed intermediate product in a press for performing the RTM method. Depending on requirements, the three-dimensional preform can still be recut before, punched out at predetermined locations or provided with inserts or the like in order to achieve the most precise contour and functionality of the later fiber-reinforced plastic component. After inserting the three-dimensional preform into the tool, the tool halves are then closed in a manner known per se and the necessary resin is injected into the cavity of the tool in order to impregnate the fiber structure of the three-dimensional preform and to enclose the fibers. After curing of the resin matrix so the finished fiber-reinforced plastic component, which can be removed from the tool.
    Since an important step in the production of such fiber-reinforced plastic components is already in the production of the three-dimensional preform, the draping device used has a decisive share in the quality of the later component. The above-described draping devices according to the prior art have the mentioned disadvantages.
    The object of the present invention is now to provide an improved draping, which avoids these disadvantages in particular. According to the invention this object is achieved by a draping device with the features in the characterizing part of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the draping device according to the invention and its use will become apparent from the dependent claims.
    In the draping device according to the invention is such that the one or more Drapier and / or Fixierstempel on its surface facing the preform and / or different areas of this surface of at least one drape and / or Fixierstempels different surface roughness and / or -reibwerte. Additionally or alternatively, the die may also have areas with different surface roughness and / or different coefficients of friction on their surface facing the preform. In the case of the draping device according to the invention, it is thus provided that either different punches with different surface roughness or friction coefficients are formed, or the one and the same punches, in particular if the stamper has a correspondingly complex shaping of its surface facing the preform, has different surface roughness or friction values. Alternatively or preferably in addition to this, the matrix can also be designed in different regions such that it has different surface roughness or friction coefficients. The surface roughness can be detected by metrology, for example by roughness depth, in particular in the form of an average roughness depth, and can be produced correspondingly in terms of manufacturing technology with regard to the desired values.
    By such a variation of the surface roughness and / or -Reibwerte different Abgleiteigenschaften of the fiber material, ie the stack of fabric layers, which is optionally provided with a corresponding binder can achieve. By the arranged in the center of the die stamp, parts of stamps or die surface have a correspondingly smooth surface or coated with a friction reducing material such as polytetrafluoroethylene, in this area a very good sliding of the fibers is achieved at the respective stamp, so that the then typically trained as Drapierstempel stamp the fibers with little friction can easily press into the counter-mold of the die. Other punches or other areas of the punch or die may accordingly be provided with a surface having high surface roughness and / or higher coefficients of friction for the fibrous material, for example a deliberately roughened surface having, for example, a mechanical corrugation or the like, or a corresponding coating for example, with polyurethane, which causes a much higher coefficient of friction for the fiber material than the already mentioned polytetrafluoroethylene.
    By these stamps or areas of punches or the surface of the die are preferably arranged in the outer region of the die, it can be ensured that the material of the preform is retained here stronger than by the stamp or surfaces with correspondingly smoother or with lower friction trained surface. The material can then be drawn from the areas in which the stamps are used with the larger surface roughness or the higher coefficients of friction, through the other stamp in the die. As a result, a very clean system is achieved without wrinkling or the like occurs. The structure is much simpler than the structure described in the prior art, for example, the construction with the positioning pins, since only a corresponding surface treatment of the draping and / or fixing punches and / or optionally the surface of the die is necessary to the desired Effect to achieve.
    The various properties of the surface with respect to surface roughness and / or coefficient of friction can be achieved very easily by a different processing of the individual surfaces or partial parts of the surface.
    In a very favorable development of the draping device according to the invention, it is further provided that at least one of the draping and / or Fixierstempel provided on its surface facing the preform at least partially with a resiliently deformable layer or formed from resiliently deformable material. Such a resiliently deformable layer may for example be an elastomer layer or the like, which covers the surface of the Drapierstempels or which is particularly accurately inserted into a cutout so that it forms a flat surface with the remaining areas of the surface of the Drapierstempels in the deformed state. When draping, then, after an investment of the Drapierstempels has been achieved on the stack of tissues, another feed movement taking advantage of the elasticity of the resiliently deformable material. This allows a further movement of the stack out of the fabric layers, for example, to stretch the material and / or smooth individual wrinkles.
    According to an advantageous development of the draping device according to the invention, it is provided that at least one of the draping and / or fixing die and / or the die is at least partially coated on the surface facing the preform. By such an at least partial coating, the surface properties can be easily changed, for example, by the surface is uniformly machined and then partially coated in a targeted area. The coating may, for example, take place such that the friction and / or the surface roughness is reduced, or, conversely, selective coating may take place in such a way that the friction or the surface roughness is increased, for example by applying a partial polyurethane layer.
    In a further very advantageous embodiment of the draping device according to the invention, it is now further provided that the preform facing surfaces of the at least one draping and / or fixing die have different coatings. Different areas of the surface of a single stamp can thus be easily adapted to the different required properties, for example by removing parts of the surface with a friction-reducing coating, for example based on PTFE, and other parts of the surface with a friction-increasing coating, For example, based on polyurethane, are formed. In between, in principle uncoated areas of the surface may remain, which then lie in their properties between the properties of the two coated areas.
    In order to minimize the effort in terms of production of the individual draping and / or Fixierstempel, but it may also be provided in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the draping device according to the invention that the preform facing surface of each drape and / or Fixierstempels consistent with a / m in wesentli Chen constant surface roughness and / or coefficient of friction is formed, wherein a plurality of draping and / or Fixierstempel are provided with different surfaces. This structure, in which each of the punches is formed with a uniform surface in itself, is particularly easy to produce the punches, because without masking and the like, the surface can be uniformly processed and / or coated. The fact that now several punches are used in the draping device, the desired property can still be achieved, for example, by the more outer punch have a rougher surface or have higher coefficients of friction than, for example, the centrally arranged stamp. As a result, the fiber material of the later preform is retained accordingly in the edge region of the die and must be drawn and pressed against the larger frictional force in the region of the outer die of the Drapierstempeln inside, which have a corresponding surface with low friction in the die. This results in a very clean preform, without the significant risk of wrinkling or the like.
    In a particularly advantageous development of the draping device according to the invention, it is now also provided that at least one of the draping and / or Fixierstempel has a direction of movement to the corresponding surface of the die with him, which from the vertical on the surface corresponding to him Diver or one of these averaging level deviates. Such a construction in which at least one of the draping and / or fixing punches is thus moved obliquely, preferably at an angle of more than 5 ° with respect to the vertical to the die, can optimally tension the individual fibers in the stack of fabric layers. The oblique movement, in particular in combination with a resiliently deformable surface of the punch, generates when moving the punch a transverse movement of the fibers or fabric layers on the surface of the die, whereby wrinkles are smoothed and, optionally, alternatively or additionally, a reorientation of the fibers is achieved. This is especially true in combination with the already mentioned elastically deformable material, since then in particular by the residual stroke, which is achieved by utilizing the elasticity, such a transverse movement can be achieved with otherwise already fixed fiber material of the stack of fabric layers.
    Further advantageous embodiments of the draping device according to the invention will become apparent from the remaining dependent claims and will be apparent from the embodiment, which will be described below with reference to the figures.
    1 shows a schematic representation of an industrial plant for producing fa-reinforced molded parts with a previous production of three-dimensional preforms; [0019] FIG. Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a section of a draping device according to the invention; and Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a section of a draping device in an alternative embodiment according to the invention.
    In the illustration of Figure 1 is very highly schematic an industrial plant 1 can be seen, which ultimately serves to produce a fiber-reinforced molding 2 by means of a RTM process in a tool 3 in a press 4. In this case, the fiber-reinforced molded part 2 is produced from a preform 5, which is preformed in a three-dimensionally close-to-net shape and which has previously been produced in some schematically illustrated steps. The starting base for the preform 5 is a fiber material, for example in the form of a fabric layer, a fiber fabric or the like. This can be made available, for example, as a roll product via an indicated roller 6.
    In a cutting device 7 is then by means of a cutting device 8 from the
    Rolled a single fabric layer or mat, which is not explicitly shown here, tailored. Subsequently, this fabric layer is fed via a suitable transport device, which is indicated in principle in the illustration of Figure 1 only by curved arrows, an indicated device 9, in which binder is applied to the fabric layer. This can be done for example by spraying, rolling, dipping or the like. As an alternative to this procedure with the device 9 for applying binders, it would also be possible to preimpregnate the fiber material with a suitable binder, so that this step can be dispensed with. However, this is familiar to the person skilled in the art from the general state of the art, so that it need not be discussed further here.
    After the order of the binder, or if this step is omitted and the binder is already present in the fiber material, immediately after the fabric layer passes to a stacking device 10, in which the individual fabric layers are stacked to a here indicated stack 11 of fabric layers. It can also be a stapling, sewing or otherwise connecting the individual layers of fabric at locations where this is useful and necessary for design reasons, can be provided. The fabric layers typically have a near-net shape after cutting in the cutter 7. Nevertheless, even after the stacking of the fabric layers to the stack 11 in the stacking device 10 further trimming, punching out openings or the like can be made, if desired or required.
    After the stack 11 has been prepared, it passes in the embodiment shown here in a heater 12, in which he, as indicated here, via a transport through an oven, a track with infrared irradiation or the like is performed. The stack 11 is thus preheated and the typically thermally activatable binder is activated or liquefied so far that the stack 11 still has a high degree of flexibility, but the fabric layers processed in the stack 11 adhere to one another during cooling.
    The core functionality in the production of the three-dimensionally preformed preform 5 now comes to the draping device 13 shown in the next step. The draping device 13 in this case has a die 14, which images the later form of the three-dimensionally preformed preform 5. Via stamp 15 for draping and / or fixing, the stack 11 of fabric layers is now pressed into the shape of this matrix 14 and typically cools by the metallic material of the matrix 14, which is highly thermally conductive and dissipates heat from the stack 11 of the fabric layers , As a result, the binder hardens and there is the three-dimensionally preformed preform 5, which is already formed in its shape near net shape and the shape of the die 14 and the punch 15 follows. In this case, the punches 15 can be used, which hold the fiber material, and / or in particular punches 15 are used as Drapierstempel, which serve for moving the fiber material, for example in the recesses of the die 14.
    The preform 5 is as far as dimensionally stable by the cured binder, that this, without losing its shape, at least further transported and optionally stored. However, it has not yet reached its final shape and hardness, this will only be achieved in the subsequent RTM process. The thus preformed in the drapery 13 and ideally glued and hardened in her stack 11 then forms the preform 5, which, as already described above, the press 4 for the RTM process can be supplied.
    Now it is so that in particular the Drapierstempeln 15 for pulling the stack 11 on fabric layers is of particular importance, since a very uniform feeding or pressing the stack 11 must be made of fabric layers in the recesses of the die 14. Only in this way can wrinkles or unnecessary stresses in the material of the stack 11 be avoided. However, this is a fundamental prerequisite for a good quality of the molded part 2 produced in the RTM process and, associated therewith, good quality in the fiber-reinforced molded parts 2 thus produced.
    In order to achieve a high-quality impressions or retraction of the stack 11 on fabric layers, so ultimately the fiber material in the die 14 and its recesses, it is provided in the draping device 13, that the individual draping and / or Fixierstempel on her the later preform 5 or the stack 11 of fabric layers facing surfaces, which are each marked 16 in the illustration of Figure 2, have different surface roughness and / or friction values. In principle, each individual one of the punches 15 may have areas on its surface 16 with specifically different surface roughness or friction coefficients. Ideally, however, the surfaces 16 of the punches 15 are largely homogeneous in themselves, while different punches 15 have different surface roughness or friction values.
    In particular, it makes sense, if referring to the figure 2, the two smaller outer die 15 arranged on their surfaces 16 have a higher surface roughness or higher coefficients of friction, so as to retain the material of the stack 11 of fabric layers and to tension. Accordingly, the surfaces with the larger surface roughness or the higher coefficients of friction are denoted by 16 *. The central punch 15 presses or pulls the material of the stack 11 into the recess of the die 14. The central punch 15 has a correspondingly good surface quality with very low surface roughness or a very low coefficient of friction, so that the material slides on it particularly well. Its surface is designated 16 ', it could for example be polished. Fundamentally as an alternative to, but in particular in addition to, the surface of the die 14, which is designated 17 in FIG. 2 and faces the material of the stack 11, can also have regions with different surface roughness and / or different coefficients of friction. This also makes it easier to retract the material of the stack 11 into the recesses, for example when edges and radii around which the material of the stack 11 must flow are polished accordingly and, for example, the surfaces 17 of the die 14 cooperating with the two outer punches 15 likewise are roughened to restrain and tension the material of the stack 11 as it passes through the central punch 15 in the recesses of the die 14.
    The surface roughness or coefficient of friction must be adapted to the fiber material used, for example, the carbon fibers in a carbon fiber reinforced molding 2, accordingly. To produce a correspondingly large surface roughness or a high coefficient of friction, for example, a processing can be carried out in such a way that the surface has microscopic or even macroscopic corrugations so as to achieve adherence of the fibers to the surface 16, 17. The fiber material is thereby retained and can be tensioned by the central punch 15 accordingly. As a result, the risk of edges, wrinkles or wrinkles in the material of the stack 11 is significantly reduced. In the case of the described, in the representation of Figure 2 each outer punch 15, such a coating would have to produce a higher coefficient of friction with respect to the fibers of the fiber material than, for example, the surface of the central punch 15 or a coating applied thereto. Conceivable coatings would be in the region of the outer dies 15, for producing a higher coefficient of friction, for example coatings of polyurethane, which have a comparatively high coefficient of friction for the fibers. The central punch 15 could accordingly have a friction-reducing coating, for example based on polytetrafluoroethylene.
    The use of surfaces 16, 17 with different surface roughness and / or friction values thus allows a targeted "flow" of the material of the stack 11 between the surface 17 of the die 14 and the surface 16 of the respective punch 15, so very purposeful by a suitable coating or processing of the surfaces 16, 17, the uniform and wrinkle-free feeding of the fiber material into the recesses of the matrix 14 can take place.
    This particularly good feeding of the material of the stack 11 between the surface 17 of the die 14 and the surfaces 16 of the respective punch 15 can now also be supported by the fact that the surface 16 is provided at least one punch 15 with a resiliently deformable layer or the entire punch 15 is formed of resiliently deformable material. For example, a deformable elastomer can be inserted into a cutout in a punch 15 formed of metal or plastic, in particular such that in the deformed state a flat surface of the punch 15 is achieved between the area with the elastomer and the adjacent areas. For example, when using rubber or rubbery materials is then simultaneously achieved a surface 16 * with higher coefficient of friction. By means of the elastically deformable material, after the actual feed movement over a residual stroke of the punch 15, a further tensioning and, if appropriate, smoothing of the material of the stack 11 and, if appropriate, a pretensioning or reorienting of the fibers located therein can be achieved using the electricity.
    In the illustration of Figure 3, an alternative embodiment of the draping device 13 can now be seen. The individual punches 15 no longer move all perpendicular to the respective, associated surface 17 of the die 14, but partially obliquely to a vertical S, on the corresponding surface 17 of the die 14 or, if this is uneven, a vertical S on one averaged level on this. In the specific exemplary embodiment in the illustration of FIG. 3, in particular the central punch 15, which has a correspondingly smooth surface 16 ', then moves in time in the direction of the die 14. Subsequently, the adjacent obliquely outwardly delivering punch 15, which in particular have rougher surfaces 16 * and thus cause a tensioning of the material of the stack 11 to the outside. Subsequently, the outer punch 15 can be delivered, which also have a surface 16 * with higher surface roughness in the embodiment shown here.
    Now, in particular, the two adjacent the central punch 15 adjacent punch 15 in addition to its surface 16 * with greater roughness or a higher coefficient of friction for the fiber material with a resiliently deformable material, for example, as described above, then after the actual delivery achieved over the achievable by the elastic residual stroke a transverse movement of the material of the stack 11 in the example of Figure 3 to the outside, so that wrinkles easily eliminated and, if necessary, a voltage or reorientation of the fibers can be achieved. If the surface 17 of the matrix 14 and the surface 16 'of the central punch 15 are designed to be correspondingly smooth, then the material can simply flow in, so as to ensure an ideal contact with the surface 17 of the matrix 14. The same applies then for the two externally arranged stamp 15 accordingly. By this structure, optionally with a staggered setting of the individual punches 15 successively, in particular from the inside to the outside, the draping device 13 can thus be further optimized.
    The person skilled in the art is already aware that the punches 15 have actuators 18 which are suitable for moving the punches in the direction of or away from the die 14. Depending on the orientation of the actuators 18 and the Drapiergeometrie thus results during Drapie-rens also a corresponding component of movement of the stack 11 in or parallel to the surface of the die.
    REFERENCE LIST 1 Industrial Plant 2 Molding 3 Tool 4 Press 5 Preform 6 Roll 7 Cutting Device 8 Cutting Device 9 Device 10 Stacking Device 11 Stack 12 Heating Device 13 Drapery Device 14 Die 15 Stamp 16 Surface of 15 16 * Surface (with higher coefficient of friction) 16 'Surface (with lower coefficient of friction ) 17 Surface of 14 18 actuators S Vertical
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    claims
    Draping device for producing a three-dimensional preform (5) of fibrous material with a die (14) which images the three-dimensional shape of the preform (5), with a plurality of stamping and / or fixing stamps (15) which cooperate with the matrix (14 ) are formed, wherein different stamp (15) on its the preform (5) facing surface (16) and / or different areas of this surface (16) of at least one stamp (15) have different surface roughness and / or friction values; characterized in that the preform (5) facing surface (17) of the die (14) has areas with different surface roughness and / or friction values.
    [2]
    2. Drapiervorrichtung according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the stamp (15) on its the preform (5) facing surface (16) is at least partially provided with a resiliently deformable layer or formed of resiliently deformable material.
    [3]
    3. draping device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the stamp (15) on its the preform (5) facing surface (16) or the preform (5) facing surface (17) of the die (14) at least partially coated.
    [4]
    4. draping device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the preform (5) facing surface (16) of the at least one punch (15) has different coatings.
    [5]
    Draping device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the preform (5) facing surface (16) of each stamp (15) is formed uniformly with a / s substantially constant surface roughness and / or coefficient of friction, wherein a plurality Stamp (15) are provided with different surface roughness and / or friction on their surfaces (16).
    [6]
    6. Drapiervorrichtung according to claim 5, characterized in that in the outer region of the die (14) arranged punch (15) have a rougher surface or higher coefficients of friction than centrally arranged draping and / or Fixierstempel.
    [7]
    7. Drapery device according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that coatings for surfaces (16, 17) comprise polytetrafluoroethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene.
    [8]
    8. draping device according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that coatings for surfaces (16, 17) have polyurethane or are polyurethane.
    [9]
    9. Draping device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that surfaces (16, 17) having a larger surface roughness microscopic or macroscopic corrugation.
    [10]
    10. Drapery device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that surfaces (16, 17) which have a low surface roughness, are honed or polished executed.
    [11]
    11. Drapiervorrichtung according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one of the punches (15) has a direction of movement to the corresponding surface (17) of the die (14), which of the vertical (S) on the with corresponding surface (17) of the die (14) or a middle plane of the possibly uneven surface corresponding to it (17) of the die (14) deviates.
    [12]
    12. Drapiervorrichtung according to claim 11, characterized in that the deviation of the direction of movement of the vertical (S) is at least 5 0.
    [13]
    13. Use of the draping device (13) according to one of claims 1 to 12 for producing a three-dimensionally preformed preform (5) for further processing in an RTM process. For this 2 sheets of drawings
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2015032982A3|2015-05-21|
    WO2015032982A2|2015-03-12|
    DE102013109854A1|2015-03-12|
    EP3043984A2|2016-07-20|
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    法律状态:
    2019-05-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20180930 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE201310109854|DE102013109854A1|2013-09-09|2013-09-09|Draping device for producing a three-dimensional preform made of fiber material|
    PCT/EP2014/069199|WO2015032982A2|2013-09-09|2014-09-09|Draping device for producing a three-dimensional preform of fibrous material|
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